Physical therapy

How Physical Therapy Can Help Balance
If you consult a physical therapist about falls and balance, he or she will likely review your medical history and determine your general physical condition, as well as conduct an inventory of tests specifically designed to measure balance and gait (your individual style of walking). If you have fallen before, your physical therapist will ask you to describe the accident in some detail to find out what caused the fall. (Just as important as actual falls are near-falls-instances in which you were on your way down but managed to hang on.)
After your physical therapist has determined what is impairing your balance, he or she will design a program of exercises and activities just for you, with an emphasis on strength, flexibility, and proper gait. All exercises would be planned for maximum safety and security. Your physical therapist may also perform specific interventions to increase your range of motion and musculoskeletal flexibility. These may include electrical stimulation, massage, hydrotherapy, heat, cold, and ultrasound. If you have balance problems related to the inner ear, your physical therapist may also try interventions known as vestibular rehabilitation. Vestibular rehabilitation includes techniques that help the inner ear respond to a change in position. Conditions that may require vestibular rehabilitation include vertigo, dizziness, or nausea.
If necessary, your physical therapist may also prescribe assistive devices for walking (such as canes, crutches, or walkers). Make sure the tips on canes and crutches are large (and spiked, if necessary, for icy conditions), and that canes are high enough (they should come up to your hip).
Appropriate footwear is another major consideration. Wearing a good pair of lace-up walking shoes will help support your foot and provide necessary cushioning for your joints; this will make walking safer and more comfortable. Avoid high heels, slippers, and open-toed sandals, which can cause you to trip.