VERTIGO is a type of dizziness that gives a feeling that you or your environment is moving when no movement occurs.It is a sensation of spinning or whirling motion making it difficult to maintain balance while standing or sitting.
It is usually caused by an inner ear problem.

The vertigo may be mild, or it may be severe enough to cause nausea and vomitting. Although dizziness and vertigo are often used interchangeably, they are not the same thing.
Dizziness and giddiness is a feeling of light headache due to high or low blood pressure, diabetes or anemia.

While Vertigo, which originated from the latin word vertere which means "to turn", is a condition that creates the illusion of movement.

The most common cause of vertigo is a condition known as "Benign Positional Vertigo" (BPV).
The vertigo caused by BPV usually lasts for less than a minute. This occurs due to an inner ear problem like an imbalance of fluid in the inner ear.
More seriously, it can also signify a problem with certain parts of the brain.
BPV occurs when debris collects in the fluid-filled canal system (semi-circular canals) in the inner ear.

The debris may collect in the inner ear as a result of ageing, injuries (such as a blow to the head) or a viral infection. In most cases, no specific reason can be identified as the cause of BPV.
This type of vertigo begins after making a certain head movement or putting the head in a certain position.