Common causes of vertigo include the following

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo or BPPV, which is caused by an inner ear problem and is the most common cause of vertigo. BPPV is characterized by sudden and severe episodes that are nonetheless not serious.
Inflammation or infection of the inner ear, which can lead to hearing loss if not treated immediately.
Certain serious medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis and head or neck trauma.
Cerebellar hemorrhages, which cause vertigo because of decreased blood flow to the brain. In this case, vertigo is accompanied by more serious symptoms, such as difficulty walking and vision impairments.
Meniere disease, which often also causes ringing in the ear.
Severe migraines.